Organs of Speech in Phonetics Speech Mechanism Diagram with Label
The production of speech sounds, as indeed for the production of any sounds, there mush be some disturbance in the air, certain cases, in the production of speech sounds is provided by the movement of certain organs of the body such as the muscles of the chest, the vocal cords, the tongue, the lips, and so on.
the organs of the human body which produce speech sounds are together called organs of speech. The organs of speech, and their speech functions, can best be described under three systems: the respiratory systems, The phonatory system, and the articulatory system.
The Respiratory System:- The respiratory system comprises the lungs, the muscles of the chest, and the windpipe or trachea.
As we know, in process of breathing out, or exhalation, and the latter, breathing in, or inhalation. In both cases, the air passes through the trachea.
Note:- In English language, Pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism.
The Phonatory System:- After airstream released by the lungs undergoes several modifications before it goes out into the atmosphere. In the upper part of the trachea is a structure called the larynx.
Larynx :- Its front part is prominent in the neck, and is commonly known as the Adam's apple. Situated inside the larynx is a pair of lip-like structure is called vocal cords.
- Vocal cords are drawn wide apart, there is a wide opening between them, is called glottis. It helps production of voiceless sounds.
- Vocal are held loosely together, the air from the lungs can escape only by setting them into vibration. It helps production of voiced sounds.
- Vocal cords are held tightly together along whole length, the glottis is closed.
- The pharynx:- the top of the larynx to the hindermost part of tongue is the pharynx. The shape and size of the pharyngeal cavity can be greatly modified by the contraction or expansion of the muscles of the pharynx.
- The Lips:- Lips play an important part in the production of certain speech sounds. Closing the lips together, and then releasing the closure abruptly.
- The Teeth:- Consonants are produced with the help of the teeth. Such are the initial sounds like think, that etc.
- The Teeth Ridge:- The teeth ridge also called the alveolar ridge. it is the convex part of the roof of the mouth lying immediately behind the upper teeth.
- The Hard Palate:- The teeth ridge is a hard, bony surface, called the hard palate, curved surface leading to the highest point of the roof of the mouth.
- The Soft Palate:- It's backwards along the roof of the mouth, starting from teeth ridge. In the production of the sounds, soft palate are, in articulation the back of the tongue make a closure with the soft palate; the closure is called velar closure. Second one, the soft palate itself is raised to make a closure with the back of wall of the pharynx. The closure is called velic closure. Oral sounds; when soft palate raised, no air can escape through the nose, it can escape only through the mouth, and therefore the sounds produced n this state of the soft palate are called oral sounds. if air stream pass through only nose like /n/, /m/ sound, is called Nasal sounds. if air stream pass through both nose and mouth; is called Nasalized sound.
- The Uvula:- it is a small fleshy pendent structure at the end of soft palate. In English, there are no single sound, which can be produce by with help of Uvula.
- The Tongue:- Most important single organ of speech. its very significant from the point of view of speech production. Further, it can divided into four major part - tip, blade, front, back.
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